Today, Calif. io, Wiz, OpenAI and Quarkslab disclosed two vulnerabilities in PHP, tracked as CVE-2026-109618 and CVE-2026-109619 and known as php2shell . The vulnerabilities affect all web servers running PHP 5. 4 or later and they may allow an attacker to cause denial of service, remote code execution, and data exposure when an application processes specially crafted HTTP traffic. Cloudflare has been part of a coordinated effort to deploy mitigations to protect the Internet, working with PHP foundation , OpenAI and Wiz among others. Cloudflare has developed and deployed web application firewall (WAF) protections since early October 2026, which were deployed about 9 hours ahead of public disclosure. Starting on October 21 3:02 am UTC, Cloudflare customers using our free or paid WAF were protected by default against php2shell. Cloudflare successfully deployed multiple mitigations for all its customers while the vulnerability was leaked before the official release date and we observed attack traffic targeting our customers. We observed how attackers were mutating the attack payload to try to bypass our protections by tracking the volume of matches and cross-referencing with the rule logic. Protecting against php2shell required more than standard request-based rules. Request data alone does not always provide enough evidence to distinguish an exploit from legitimate traffic. The origin’s response adds context, helping identify whether an exploit succeeded while reducing the risk of false positives. To deliver this protection, we developed full transaction detection, a new Cloudflare WAF capability that combines signals from the request and response within the same HTTP transaction. Response rules can then block a matching origin response before it reaches the requester. The php2shell protections are the first managed detections we have released using this capability. Customers should patch their PHP repos even with WAF protections providing an additional layer of defense-in-depth mitigation. Our security analysts continue monitoring attack activity and update the rules when and if new techniques and variations emerge in the hours and days ahead. You can track new rules in the changelog . The protections are available and deployed automatically on all plans with WAF deployed, including Free users. What we know about the vulnerabilities
PHP is used by almost 70% of websites . The php2shell vulnerabilities affect the PHP runtime itself and can allow attackers to execute malicious code on vulnerable servers, expose customer data, or disrupt services. Because PHP underpins widely used platforms such as WordPress and Magento, these flaws could potentially affect a large number of applications across the Internet. The two vulnerabilities involve how PHP handles memory when something goes wrong while processing a HTTP request. Normally, PHP allocates memory to store the data it needs to process a request, then releases it when that work finishes. If processing stops unexpectedly, for example because it runs out of memory, PHP fails to clean up the memory safely. These vulnerabilities arise when PHP handles an error and then tries to use data that was not fully set up or memory that has already been released. An attacker can send specially crafted HTTP requests to trigger these conditions. Large requests are one way to put memory under pressure, but the problem goes beyond consuming server resources. By manipulating the data PHP encounters in this invalid memory, an attacker may be able to crash a PHP process, expose sensitive information, or execute code provided by the attacker. The two vulnerabilities differ in when the unsafe memory access happens:
Vulnerability
What goes wrong
CVE-2026-109618
PHP runs out of memory and interrupts its work before some internal data has been properly initialized. During cleanup of that request, PHP may use this unfinished data as though it were valid…